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Related information on other websites

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References used for this fact sheet

• Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) for Australia and New Zealand (Including Recommended Dietary Intakes), Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. More information here.
• Dietary guidelines for all Australians, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Commonwealth of Australia. More information here.
• All about food – vitamins and minerals , Parenting and Child Health, Child and Youth Health, State Government of South Australia, Adelaide. More information here.
• Multivitamins: Do you really need to take one? (2005), Choice.com.au, Australian Consumers’ Association. More information here.
• Bjelakovic, G. et al. 2007, ‘Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention’, in Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 297, no. 8, pp. 842–857. More information here.
• Hennekens, Dr CH. et al 1996, ‘Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease’, in New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 334, no. 18, pp. 1145–1149. More information here.
• Huang, H-Y. et al 2006, ‘The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral supplement use to prevent cancer and chronic disease in adults: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference’, in Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 145, no. 5, pp. 372-385. More information here.
• Kris-Etherton, PM. et al 2004, ‘Antioxidant vitamin supplements and cardiovascular disease’, in Circulation, vol. 110, pp. 637-641. More information here.
• Lichtenstein AH & Russell RM 2005, ‘Essential nutrients: food or supplements’, in The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 294, no. 3, pp. 351-358. More information here.
• Omenn Dr GS. et al 1996, ‘Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease’, in The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 334, no. 18, pp. 1150–1155. More information here.
• Park, S-Y et al. 2010, ‘Multivitamin use and the risk of mortality and cancer incidence’, in American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 173, no. 8, pp. 906-914. More information here. More information here.
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2003, ‘Routine vitamin supplementation to prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease: recommendations and rationale’, in Annals Internal Medicine, July, vol.139, no. 1, pp. 51–55. More information here.